淮河流域化学品污染现状评价及防控对策

作为世界化学品生产和使用大国,我国化学品产业发展和管理水平落后,化学品环境污染及健康风险问题日渐突出,尤其是流域化学品在中国已经引起了严重的环境污染问题。中国主要河流流域的水污染问题呈现出日益加重的趋势,主要表现有"单一污染向复合型污染的转变、农业污染和工业污染互相交叉、污染物在流域内积聚并不断向下游迁移"。流域内水污染物主要来源于工业生产排放的化学废弃物、农业生产使用的各种化学产品以及人们日常生活用到的个人护理品等,其最根本的来源都是人们使用和生产的各种化学品。     

愈伤灵胶囊药效的斑马鱼评价技术探讨

以斑马鱼(Danio rerio)为实验动物进行缺氧窒息及游泳能力实验，检测愈伤灵胶囊以及人参皂苷Rbl对斑马鱼的存活、耐受缺氧能力及游泳能力的影响。结果发现，愈伤灵溶液处理1 d 后，实验鱼窒息时间随药物剂量呈现先增高后降低的趋势，在剂量为 0.01 mg·L-1时达最大值；实验鱼最大绝对游泳速度呈现类似的变化趋势，不同药物剂量下的实验鱼最大相对游泳速度无显著差异。愈伤灵溶液处理 8 d 后，实验鱼窒息时间随药物剂量呈现降低的趋势，在剂量为 0.01 mg·L-1时达最大值。人参皂苷 Rbl处理 8 d 后，实验鱼窒息时间随药物剂量降低呈现跳跃式陡降。研究结果提示斑马鱼可作为药效评价的模式实验动物，用于中药评价新技术的开发。
     

Method of Hill Tunneling via Weighted Simplex Centroid for Continuous Piecewise Linear Programming

This paper works on a heuristic algorithm with determinacy for the global optimization of Continuous PieceWise Linear(CPWL) programming. The widely applied CPWL programming can be equivalently transformed into D.C. programming and concave optimization over a polyhedron. Considering that the super-level sets of concave piecewise linear functions are polyhedra, we propose the Hill Tunneling via Weighted Simplex Centroid(HTWSC) algorithm, which can escape a local optimum to reach the other side of its contour surface by cutting across the super-level set. The searching path for hill tunneling is established via the weighted centroid of a constructed simplex. In the numerical experiments, different weighting methods are studied first, and the best is chosen for the proposed HTWSC algorithm. Then, the HTWSC algorithm is compared with the hill detouring method and the software CPLEX for the equivalent mixed integer programming, with results indicating its superior performance in terms of numerical efficiency and the global search capability.     

Mean Square Average Generalized Consensus of Multi-Agent Systems Under Time-Delays and Stochastic Disturbances

Compared with the traditional consensus problem, this paper deals with the mean square average generalized consensus(MSAGC) of multi-agent systems under fixed directed topology, where all agents are affected by stochastic disturbances. Distributed protocol depending on delayed time information from neighbors is designed. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, together with results from matrix theory and It o s derivation theory, the linear matrix inequalities approach is used to establish sufficient conditions to ensure MSAGC of multi-agent systems. Finally, numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the theoretical results.     

Improved hemimorphite flotation using xanthate as a collector with S(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) activation

The flotation of hemimorphite using the S(Ⅱ)–Pb(Ⅱ)–xanthate process,which includes sulfidization with sodium sulfide,activation by lead cations,and subsequent flotation with xanthate,was investigated.The flotation results indicated that hemimorphite floats when the S(Ⅱ)–Pb(Ⅱ)–xanthate process is used; a maximum recovery of approximately 90% was obtained.Zeta-potential,contact-angle,scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive spectrometry(SEM–EDS),and diffuse-reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(DRIFTS) measurements were used to characterize the activation products on the hemimorphite surface and their subsequent interaction with sodium butyl xanthate(SBX).The results showed that a Zn S coating formed on the hemimorphite surface after the sample was conditioned in an Na2 S solution.However,the formation of a Zn S coating on the hemimorphite surface did not improve hemimorphite flotation.With the subsequent addition of lead cations,Pb S species formed on the mineral surface.The formation of the Pb S species on the surface of hemimorphite significantly increased the adsorption capacity of SBX,forming lead xanthate(referred to as chemical adsorption) and leading to a substantial improvement in hemimorphite flotation.Our results indicate that the addition of lead cations is a critical step in the successful flotation of hemimorphite using the sulfidization–lead ion activation–xanthate process.     

Preparation and electrochemical performance of double perovskite La_2CoMnO_6 nanofibers

Through electrospinning,La_2Co Mn O_6 nanofibers were prepared from a polyvinylpyrrolidone/lanthanum nitrate–cobalt acetate–manganese acetate(PVP/LCM)precursor and were used as electrode materials.The morphologies and structures of the samples were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)specific surface area analysis.The results show that the prepared La_2Co Mn O_6 nanofibers are stable,one-dimensional structures formed from interconnected La_2Co Mn O_(6 )nanoparticles with a diamond-like crystal structure.The specific surface area of the fibers is 79.407 m~2·g~(-1).Electrochemical performance tests with a three-electrode system reveal the specific capacitance of the La_2Co Mn O_6 nanofibers as 109.7 F·g~(-1) at a current density of 0.5 A·g~(-1).After 1000 charge-discharge cycles at a current density of 1 A·g~(-1),the specific capacitance maintains 90.9%of its initial value,demonstrating a promising performance of the constraint capacitance and good cyclic stability.     

Modeling eBay price using stochastic differential equations

Online auctions have become increasingly popular in recent years. There is a growing body of research on this topic, whereas modeling online auction price curves constitutes one of the most interesting problems. Most research treats price curves as deterministic functions, which ignores the random effects of external and internal factors. To account for the randomness, a more realistic model using stochastic differential equations is proposed in this paper. The online auction price is modeled by a stochastic differential equation in which the deterministic part is equivalent to the second‐order differential equation model proposed in Wang et al. (Journal of the American Statistical Association, 2008, 103, 1100–1118). The model also includes a component representing the measurement errors. Explicit expressions for the likelihood function are also obtained, from which statistical inference can be conducted. Forecast accuracy of the proposed model is compared with the ODE (ordinary differential equation) approach. Simulation results show that the proposed model performs better.     

取水监测数据的奇异值识别与修正策略

提高水资源监测数据的真实性与完备性是国家水资源监控能力建设的重要内容.本文基于当前国家水资源监控数据的实际统计状况,提出采用小波变换模极大值的方法实现对取用水监测数据的降噪和奇异值的挖掘,并将辨识出的奇异值进行剔除处理后的监测数据序列作为粒子群-最小二乘支持向量机模型的训练样本,进而根据拟合函数对奇异值进行修正的策略.通过对重点取用水户的取用水监测数据进行实证研究结果发现,利用小波变换模极大值可较大限度地保留取用水监测数据的原始信息,并实现对其中变动幅度偏大数据的分离,可有效降噪并观测取用水监测数据的内在变化规律;同时借助相对误差可进一步挖掘监测数据中存在的奇异值,且辨识效果要好于传统统计方法;而粒子群-最小二乘支持向量机模型对取用水监测数据的样本拟合要比普通最小二乘支持向量机、曲线拟合等方法更为有效,运用该方法修正的取用水监测数据奇异值更加符合实际取用水需求的特点.     

考虑集装箱生命周期的空重箱班轮运输组织优化

为在空箱调运时考虑空箱的维修成本和废弃收益,根据投入使用的时间区分空箱所处的生命阶段.在备选班轮航线和重箱运输需求确定的情况下,构建混合整数规划模型,优化班轮航线网络,重箱运输路径,新造箱的投入地点,老旧空箱的报废地点和各航次使用哪个生命阶段的空箱来执行运输任务.以中国,日韩,东南亚,欧洲和美国五个区域为对象的实证分析结果表明,93%的新造箱在中国投入使用,64%的老旧空箱在欧洲和美国退役,74%的由中国到美国的运输用箱处于高龄阶段或退出阶段.     

基于热中子探测评价裂缝的示踪剂特性研究

针对裂缝热中子示踪探测方法,从中子双组扩散理论入手结合蒙特卡洛数值模拟方法,分析压裂前后地层热中子分布影响因素,并模拟不同类型示踪剂及含量的热中子裂缝响应规律,筛选最佳示踪剂并给出其在支撑剂中含量的上、下限。结果表明:压裂前后热中子计数变化量主要受裂缝宽度和标记支撑剂中示踪剂含量的影响;钆对裂缝宽度变化反应最灵敏,钆元素是作为标记支撑剂的最佳示踪元素;随支撑剂中Gd 2O 3含量的增加,热中子计数率降低,热中子计数变化量D增加;示踪剂中氧化钆的上、下限值随裂缝宽度呈指数降低,且当裂缝宽度为1.0 cm时,Gd 2O 3的质量分数上限为0.68%,下限为0.03%。